Volcanic activity synonym11/21/2023 ![]() ![]() Melilite-bearing lavas in Mayotte (France): an insight into the mantle source below the Comores. Madagascar’s escape from Africa: a high‐resolution plate reconstruction for the Western Somali Basin and implications for supercontinent dispersal. Systems tracts sedimentology in the lagoon of Mayotte associated with the Holocene transgression. 223, 22–44 (2020).īulletin de l’ActivitéSismo-Volcanique à Mayotte Report no. The 2018–2019 seismo-volcanic crisis east of Mayotte, Comoros islands: seismicity and ground deformation markers of an exceptional submarine eruption. Drainage of a deep magma reservoir near Mayotte inferred from seismicity and deformation. 6, 8 and 9, focal mechanisms for M > 5 earthquakes are from ref. 1–3 and 6–9 include topographic and bathymetric compilation 16, 87, 88 (, ), the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans ( ) and global topography from SRTM GL1 ( ) Litto3D Mayotte ( ). In addition to MAYOBS1 cruise multibeam data (resolution: 30 m) 18, Figs. Map were created using Globe software ( ) 75, ArcGIS software by Esri ( ), Generic Mapping Tools 86, Adobe illustrator ( ) and MATLAB. Samples are accessible on site at IFREMER, Plouzané, France. The compilations of older bathymetric and topographic data are available on the SHOM website (, ). Ship-borne geophysical data from the MAYOBS1 cruise can be obtained through the French national oceanographic data centre SISMER (, ), but restrictions apply to the availability of these data. GNSS data are available on the website ( ) and can be downloaded from. The authors declare that most of the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper and its Supplementary Information files. We propose that the massive eruption originated from hot asthenosphere at the base of a thick, old, damaged lithosphere. This volcanic ridge is an extensional feature inside a wide transtensional boundary that transfers strain between the East African and Madagascar rifts. We locate the new volcanic edifice at the tip of a 50-km-long ridge composed of many other recent edifices and lava flows. Seismic and deformation data indicate that deep (>55 km depth) magma reservoirs were rapidly drained through dykes that intruded the entire lithosphere and that pre-existing subvertical faults in the mantle were reactivated beneath an ancient caldera structure. This is the largest active submarine eruption ever documented. Here we present geophysical and marine data from the MAYOBS1 cruise, which reveal that by May 2019, this activity formed an 820-m-tall, ~5 km³ volcanic edifice on the seafloor. Since, magmatic activity has occurred offshore eastern Mayotte (North Mozambique channel), associated with large surface displacements, very-low-frequency earthquakes and exceptionally deep earthquake swarms. ![]() How the primary asthenospheric melts form, pond and ascend through the lithosphere is, however, still poorly understood. ![]() Volcanic eruptions shape Earth’s surface and provide a window into deep Earth processes. Nature Geoscience volume 14, pages 787–795 ( 2021) Cite this article Birth of a large volcanic edifice offshore Mayotte via lithosphere-scale dyke intrusion
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